The Mission of John the Baptist
The word of God comes to John in the wilderness after the rulers and priests are named. He moves through the Jordan region preaching repentance for forgiveness, and Isaiah’s words frame a road made ready ahead.
I1n the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, while Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene, 2during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness. 3He went into all the region around the Jordan, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins, 4as it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet: 5Every valley shall be filled in, 6And all humanity will see God’s salvation.’”
To the crowds, John gives a severe warning. He calls for fruit that matches repentance, rejects confidence in Abraham as enough, and describes the axe already laid at the trees’ roots.
7Then John said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8Produce fruit, then, in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. 9The axe lies ready at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”
When people ask what to do, John names plain acts of justice and restraint. The one with extra clothing or food shares, and the tax collector is told to take no more than is authorized from people. Some soldiers also ask what they should do next in the same moment.
10The crowds asked him, “What then should we do?” 11John replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share with him who has none, and whoever has food should do the same.” 12Even tax collectors came to be baptized. “Teacher,” they asked, “what should we do?” 13“Collect no more than you are authorized,” he answered. 14Then some soldiers asked him, “And what should we do?”
As the people wonder whether John might be the Christ, he points beyond himself to one stronger. That coming one will baptize with the Holy Spirit and fire and will sort wheat from chaff. John keeps proclaiming the good news with many other exhortations besides these.
15The people were waiting expectantly and were all wondering in their hearts if John could be the Christ. 16John answered all of them: “I baptize you with water, but One more powerful than I will come, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. 17His winnowing fork is in His hand to clear His threshing floor and to gather the wheat into His barn; but He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.” 18With these and many other exhortations, John proclaimed the good news to the people.
John rebukes Herod for Herodias, his brother’s wife, and for the evils he has done. Herod adds to his wrongdoing by locking John in prison.
19But when he rebuked Herod the tetrarch regarding his brother’s wife Herodias and all the evils he had done, 20Herod added this to them all: He locked John up in prison.