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Atomic Bible
Joshua 12:1-6·~1 min

The Kings Defeated East of the Jordan

The record begins east of the Jordan, naming Sihon and Og, describing the lands they ruled, and ending with Moses giving that conquered territory to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

N1ow these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites struck down and whose lands they took beyond the Jordan to the east, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the Arabah eastward: 2Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon. He ruled from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along the middle of the valley, up to the Jabbok River (the border of the Ammonites), that is, half of Gilead, 3as well as the Arabah east of the Sea of Chinnereth to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), eastward through Beth-jeshimoth, and southward below the slopes of Pisgah. 4And Og king of Bashan, one of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived in Ashtaroth and Edrei. 5He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan up to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon. 6Moses, the servant of the LORD, and the Israelites had struck them down and given their land as an inheritance to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.

Section summaryThe chapter opens by naming the kings defeated east of the Jordan and tracing the reach of their territories. Moses' victories over Sihon and Og are remembered here as completed conquests whose land already stands given to Israel's eastern tribes.
Role in the chapterThis first section reaches back before Joshua's western campaigns. It anchors Israel's possession in a larger story of conquest already begun under Moses and sets the eastern border alongside the land now being counted in the west.